Usually made from steel or aluminum for strength and durability.
Fixed securely to the scaffold frame to prevent slipping or movement.
Has evenly spaced rungs with anti-slip surfaces for safe footing.
Designed to extend above the working platform to allow safe stepping on and off.
Can be internal (inside the scaffold bay) or external (attached to the outside) depending on site layout.
Built to meet safety standards, supporting worker weight and tools without bending or failure.