Power source: Solar photovoltaic (PV) panels
Operating voltage: 48V DC
Pump type: Submersible or surface pump, depending on the water source
Applications: Boreholes, wells, tanks, irrigation, and livestock watering
Advantages: Uses renewable energy, low operating cost, and can operate in remote locations
Components: Solar panels, 48V pump, controller, cables, water pipes, and optional storage tank/battery
Performance: Flow rate and pumping height depend on the pump's motor power, solar-panel capacity, water source, and required head